"Just 6 light years from the Sun, Barnard’s Star is a red dwarf, small and dim. It's in the main sequence stage of life, which means its core is fusing hydrogen into helium. Main sequence stars are stable and range in color, size, and shine, depending on their mass."
Three out of four stars in the Milky Way Galaxy are red dwarfs. These low-mass stars burn fuel slowly, so they live the longest—tens of billions to trillions of years. Since the universe is only 13.8 billion years old, they’ll be the last stars still shining in the end.
Generator Unlocked
Critical Mass
How much mass does it take to birth a star? If a protostar pulls in .08 solar masses of matter, it ignites into a red dwarf. (One solar mass equals the mass of the Sun.) If not, it has too little heat and pressure to fuse atoms and ends up a brown dwarf, or failed star.
Long Live Red Dwarfs
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“Fixed” Star in Motion
All stars are on the move, yet they appear fixed in the sky because they’re so distant. In 1916, E. E. Barnard tracked his namesake’s minuscule movements relative to other stars for months. He found that nearby Barnard’s Star is the zippiest of all the “fixed” stars.
Barnard's Star Rank 3
Interstellar Visit?
Could a space probe travel to Barnard’s Star in a human lifetime? A 1970s technical study called Project Daedalus specced out a craft powered by nuclear explosions. It could ramp up to 12% of light speed in four years and then coast to the red dwarf in 46 years.
Barnard's Star Rank 6
Trivia[]
The location of Barnard's Star, c. 2006 (south is up)
Barnard's Star is a spectral type M4 star located 5.96 light years away from the Sun in the tropical constellation Ophiuchus. It is famous for being the second closest star system to Sun after Alpha Centauri.